EBS 2025학년도 수능특강 영어독해연습 Week1_01강

2025학년도 수능특강 영어독해연습 Week1_01강 문제들을 Keywords, phrases, clauses, sentences을 찾은 후문제풀이를 하겠습니다.

"When clicked, the image enlarges"

 

긴 문장은 구와 절 덩어리로 묶고 독해하기 편한 문장으로 보면 독해가 편해진다.

 

< 구: 두 단어 이상 > [ 절: 접주동 ]

구안에 절이 들어갈 수도 절안에 구가 들어갈 수도 있다. 덩어리를 잘 묶어 보면 문장이 어렵지 않게 보이기 시작한다.

< 명사구 > [ 명사절 ] < 형용사구 > [ 형용사절 ] < 부사구 > [ 부사절 ]

 

고딕체와 밑줄만 잘 보면 답이 보인다

 

[문제] 1 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

Until at least the early 2000s, the World Wide Web was a rapidly evolving space but one with a chronic problem — it was an ever-expanding repository of information with no efficient search function. In 1994, the editors of Postmodern Culture, one of the first academic journals to start publishing on the web, were concerned enough about this new medium to warn their readers that venturing onto the web, which had grown from an estimated 100 sites in June to over 600 sites by December 1993, may result in “a kind of informational vertigo.” While this warning may now strike readers as extremely funny, it is worth noting that for much of the 1990s, <finding anything on the web> was a problem. It would take nearly a decade for this problem to resolve. As search engines were refined and became more functional, however, the drive to “game the system” also increased. And more individuals and organizations started to produce content for the web that had one sole purpose: to rank high in any search. So-called ________ came to dictate why a lot of content was being produced.

* chronic: 고질적인, 만성적인 ** repository: 저장소 *** vertigo: 현기증

① credibility            ② compatibility           ③ imaginability

④ discoverability     ⑤ generalizability

 

[문제] 2 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?  

A particularly revealing excerpt <illustrating the importance of written documents> is provided by a remark made by Socrates. Socrates was an important philosopher in Ancient Greece, who was not at all interested in keeping written records of his thoughts. In a dialogue with a young student (Phaedrus) Socrates recounted how the god Thoth of Egypt offered the king of Egypt all types of inventions, including dice, checkers, numbers, geometry, astronomy and writing. The god and the king discussed the merits and drawbacks of the various gifts and were in general agreement until they reached the gift of writing. Whereas the god stressed the advantage of being able to remember information, the king objected: ‘If men learn this, it will implant forgetfulness in their souls; they will cease to exercise memory because they will rely on that which is written, calling things to remembrance no longer from within themselves, but by means of external marks.’ From the remainder of the dialogue it is clear [that Socrates wholeheartedly agreed with the king of Egypt and thought [that ________ made students lazy and discouraged them from properly studying]].

* excerpt: 발췌, 인용구 ** recount: 이야기하다 *** checkers: 체커(서양 장기)

① the invention of games        ② the abundance of wealth

③ the availability of books      ④ the use of oral storytelling

⑤ the emphasis on practical matters

 

[문제] 3 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

The history of ethics is largely a history of the development of two central lines of thought: one [that emphasizes our fundamental duties to others], and the other [that strives to justify decisions based on the effects [that our actions have on others]]. Immanuel Kant, William David Ross, Seyla Benhabib, and others argued that the most important question to pose is whether a person understood and was attempting to carry out a moral obligation or duty. If so, the outcome of one’s action has no bearing on whether he or she acted ethically. Their duty-based, or deontological, approach ________ and is the only way, they argued, to acknowledge the existence of universal moral obligations and to assess one’s moral character. What makes a lie immoral, Kant said, is not the consequence of the lie — whether it prevents embarrassment or results in serious harm. A deliberately told lie is wrong because of what it is, not what it does: by its nature, a lie is an assault on our human dignity. We are failing morally if our intent is to deceive, and whatever results from that deception is immaterial.

* deontological: 의무론의 ** assault: 공격 *** immaterial: 중요하지 않은

① is focused almost exclusively on intent

② values consequences over moral duties

③ denies any moral act done in one’s own interest

④ is ineffective in justifying decisions made by the majority

⑤ emphasizes both the intent and outcome of one’s moral behavior

 

[문제] 4 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

The communicative relevance of algorithms is actually related to their independence from understanding. We are facing a way to process data (and to manage information) that is different from human information processing and understanding. My assumption is that this difference is not a liability but instead is the very root of the success of these technologies. Just as human beings first became able to fly when they abandoned the idea of building machines that flap their wings like birds, digital information processing managed to achieve the results that we see today <after abandoning the ambition to reproduce in digital form the processes of the human mind>. Now that they                             , algorithms have become more and more able to act as competent communication partners, responding appropriately to our requests and providing information neither constructed nor reconstructible by a human mind.

* liability: 골칫거리

① are essential to our information processing

② no longer try to resemble our consciousness

③ exist under a strict moral, ethical supervision

④ can reconstruct the best qualities of humanity

⑤ will not be bound by technological constraints

 

[문제] 5 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

Sociocultural evolution provides some reason to suspect [that a stable population, which sounds so good to most people, would deprive human culture of its greatest single source of dynamism — population growth itself]. The origins of agriculture, agricultural intensification, political evolution, industrialization — all appear indebted to population growth. However, population growth’s role in a few major cultural transformations of the past does not mean that it is essential for all culture change; it scarcely seems likely that people would stop seeking better cures for disease, for example, simply because population had stabilized. Furthermore, the absence of population growth does not necessarily mean the absence of population pressure. Indeed, Thomas Robert Malthus believed that populations, when they do stabilize, tend to do so at a level too high to be easily supported by existing resources, creating constant pressure for culture change. If he was right, then even                                      .

* indebted to: ~의 덕분인

① culture change cannot stop the tide of population growth

② a sparsely populated area will face various social challenges

③ a small population growth can exhaust the fuel for innovation

④ a population stable numerically is inherently unstable culturally

⑤ societies with abundant resources are subject to weak population growth

 

[문제] 6 밑줄 친 re-complexify a simplified river가 다음 글에서 의미하는 바로 가장 적절한 것은?

Restoring a river in order to recover a species, whether salmon in the Columbia River Basin, or any other species in diverse ecologies around the world, requires drawing from expertise across many fields: from engineering to biology to ecology to geomorphology. River restoration is about more than just “fixing” a broken stream; it also involves everything that connects to that stream and the organisms that rely on it — in this case, the endangered salmonids as they move throughout their complex life cycles. When people in the field refer to the work of “restoration” they are usually casting a broad net. They may be including riverside and streamside habitat: the wetlands and forests and estuaries that salmon pass through at different times in their (non-ocean) lives, as well as the stream morphology: the arrangement of rocks and debris that forces the stream to move in a particular way. Restoration, therefore, also covers the geology of the river itself, along with the flow of water: the element that is most often in greatest need of being restored. As one restorationist said, their job is to “re-complexify a simplified river.”

* geomorphology: 지형학 ** estuary: 하구(강이 바다로 흘러 들어가는 어귀) *** debris: 암설(암석 부스러기), 잔해

① address the river pollution by enforcing tougher regulations

② increase the biodiversity of rivers by introducing foreign species

③ restrict human access to river ecosystems to prevent species loss

④ allow the river to recover on its own without resorting to technology

⑤ bring back the overall river ecosystem using expertise from various fields

 

[문제] 7 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

Eating offers pleasure                                           . This obvious truth holds today more than ever with our increasing ability to detect and identify food-borne illnesses. Well-publicized outbreaks of cholera and Salmonella have made people aware that food-borne disease makes a lot of us sick every year: an estimated 76 million illnesses annually in the United States alone, with over 300,000 hospitalizations and 5,000 deaths, imposing an estimated cost in the tens of billions of dollars. For example, Jean C. Buzby and Tanya Roberts estimated that for six bacterial pathogens, the costs of human illness are estimated to be US＄9.3 – 12.9 billion annually. Of these costs, US＄2.9 – 6.7 billion are attributed to food-borne bacteria. One estimate suggests that 1 out of 3 consumers in industrialized nations suffers from known and newly recognized food-borne diseases each year. And if we look globally, we might also note that “hundreds of millions of people around the world fall sick as a result of consuming contaminated food and water.... Children under five still suffer an estimated 1.5 billion annual episodes of diarrhea, which result in more than three million premature deaths.”

* pathogen: 병원균 ** contaminate: 오염시키다 *** diarrhea: 설사

① as its essential purpose     ② to patients in treatment        ③ with no strings attached

④ at the risk of future pain   ⑤ by way of physical senses

 

[문제] 8 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

                                       is a major driver of globalization. Firms are encouraged to expand beyond their home jurisdictions in order to capitalize on low wage rates in other countries. A significant number of North American and European companies, many of them well-known manufacturers of branded consumer products, have elected to move their manufacturing operations to China in order to take advantage of that country’s low wage structure. Clothing and shoe manufacturing firms have been producing in China for many years but so also have companies in other sectors such as consumer electronics, food and industrial products. While China’s wage rates are considerably lower than those in western industrialized economies, they have been rising significantly in recent years. This has prompted some companies to seek out even lower wage jurisdictions for their manufacturing operations, and interestingly has also encouraged American firms to move production back to the USA.

* jurisdiction: 관할 구역

① The need to contain cost                  ② The exchange of products

③ The option to purchase property      ④ The influence of foreign languages

⑤ The construction of national identity

 

[문제] 9 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

Our reliance on                                    to assess job candidates will only increase [as algorithmic tools become more sophisticated and less expensive]. Today human resources rely on Big Data — the collection and analysis of massive databases of information — to identify job prospects. Analytics firms crunch data to search for and assess talent in particular fields. Remarkable Hire scores a candidate’s talents by looking at how others rate his or her online contributions. Talent Bin and Gild create lists of potential hires based on online data. Big-name companies like Facebook, Wal-Mart, and Amazon use these technologies to find and recruit job candidates. Will algorithms identify targeted individuals as top picks for employment if they have withdrawn from online life? Will they discount online abuse so that victims can be evaluated on their merits? One can only guess the answers to these questions, but my bet is that victims will not stack up well next to those who have not suffered online abuse.

* crunch: (많은 양의 정보를) 고속으로 처리하다 ** stack up: 견줄 만하다

① video interviewing ② online written tests

③ networked information ④ performance assessment

⑤ automated recommendation

 

[문제] 10 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

[Although it was rare], some ancient philosophers took exception to the view [that women were complete subordinates]. Around 532 BCE in Croton, a beautiful and prosperous seaside city located in the toe of southern Italy, Pythagoras founded a school of philosophy devoted to mathematical and theological insights. Women were allowed to study and teach in the school. Pythagoras and his followers postulated that women were men’s intellectual equals and that the two were capable of friendship. Nevertheless, from what remains of their writings today, it seems they . Men and women studied separately, and but for the few women in Pythagorean schools, the rest were to carry on with their traditional social roles. What’s more, the friendship that brought the sexes together required women’s obedience. A harmonious asymmetry is how the Pythagoreans liked to think of it, and in the case of marriage, as one ancient historian put it, Pythagoreans held that wives were “not to oppose their husbands at all,” and that wives “would achieve a victory if they gave in to their husbands.”

* theological: 신학적인 ** postulate: (사실이라고) 상정하다 *** asymmetry: 비대칭성

① didn’t want to shake things up too much

② were not cautious about public exposure

③ had the potential to cause social disorder

④ lacked interest in various academic fields

⑤ had to take a step back from domestic work

 

[문제] 11 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

                                                              . Historically, a career was defined by upward mobility and advancement in a steeply graded hierarchy, achieving greater responsibility and influence, with the vast majority of employees remaining with their organizations for life. Career success was measured by objective criteria such as pay, status and power. Today a career is more likely to be defined as a lifelong series of work experiences, with job movements being upward, sideways and in some cases downward — termed protean careers. Career success is increasingly measured by intrinsic criteria such as satisfaction, engagement, meaning, learning and growth rather than external criteria such as income and organizational level. More people today want to trade money for meaning. Sheryl Sandberg views careers today more like ‘jungle gyms’, structures allowing movement from one rung to another, rather than as a ladder.

* hierarchy: 계급 조직 ** intrinsic: 내재적인 *** rung: (사다리 등의) 가로대

① Definitions of what a career is are changing

② Many people still value the old definition of career

③ Career success comes to those who stay committed

④ Numerous resources are now available for career exploration

⑤ Regular career evaluation helps to increase objectivity in decision-making

 

[문제] 12 밑줄 친 they can lead a horse to water, but they cannot make it drink가 다음 글에서 의미하는 바로 가장 적절한 것은?

In the past it was always a safe assumption that the expanding marketplace would consume everything [that was produced]. As a consequence, the primary goal of a company was to produce in the most efficient way and distribute products to the market. However, the old view that a business makes products and then sells them within the supply chain is no longer so relevant or valid, as businesses have come to realize that they can lead a horse to water, but they cannot make it drink. In the future, companies cannot sell products anymore: people will buy from you. This means that the old concept of being supply-driven (company pushes products to the market) is being replaced by a pull-concept (the market pulls goods from you) where a company understands what their customers need and works backward, deciding how it can satisfy that demand by developing new capabilities. Thinking about business from the outside-in perspective (in other words being demand-driven) is mainly a customer-centric view, where organizations no longer have a sales focus but a buying (customer) focus.

① It is hard for companies to redistribute their profits.

② Higher profits for businesses require a big target group.

③ The cost of acquiring new customers can be higher than expected.

④ Customers will not easily buy products that are pushed into the market.

⑤ The introduction of unique products will guarantee customer satisfaction.