2025학년도 수능대비 EBS 수능특강 소재편 31강 의학, 건강, 영양, 식품

2025학년도 수능특강 소재편 31강 의학, 건강, 영양, 식품 문제들을 Keywords, phrases, clauses, sentences을 찾은 후 글의 내용 파악해서 문제풀이를 하겠습니다.

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2024년 서울대 진학률이 높은 고등학교 전국 37개 학교

Gateway 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은?

This is particularly true since one aspect of sleep is decreased responsiveness to the environment.

 

The role [that sleep plays in evolution] is still under study. ( ① ) One possibility is that it is an advantageous adaptive state of decreased metabolism for an animal when there are no more pressing activities. ( ② ) This seems true for deeper states of inactivity such as hibernation during the winter when there are few food supplies, and a high metabolic cost to maintaining adequate temperature. ( ③ ) It may be true in daily situations as well, for instance (for a prey species) to avoid predators after dark. ( ④ ) On the other hand, the apparent universality of sleep, and the observation [that mammals such as cetaceans have developed such highly complex mechanisms to preserve sleep on at least one side of the brain at a time,] suggests that sleep additionally provides some vital service(s) for the organism. ( ⑤ ) If sleep is universal even when this potential price must be paid, the implication may be that it has important functions that cannot be obtained just by quiet, wakeful resting.

* metabolism: 신진대사 ** mammal: 포유동물

 

Keywords, phrases, clauses, sentences: The role that sleep plays in evolution, decreased metabolism, decreased responsiveness

 

글 내용: 진화에서 잠이 하는 역할에 관한 글 내용으로 감소된 신진대사와 감소된 반응성의 글을 이해하면 답을 유추할 수 있을 것이다.

 

[문제] 1 다음 글에서 필자가 주장하는 바로 가장 적절한 것은?

Skilled clinicians pride themselves in their knowledge of diseases and treatments. Having an extensive command of anatomy and physiology, pharmacology, and the latest evidence-based breakthroughs is critical to providing competent care. But just as important is the knowledge of how illness can impact patient emotions. And although there is certainly room for individual variation, typical emotional reactions can often be anticipated. Having a sense of the normal emotions that accompany phases and stages of illness allows clinicians to think about how to incorporate the emotional domain into patient assessments and plans of care. Working with patients’ emotions, from a place of understanding and acceptance, allows the clinician to skillfully address the emotions in a manner that best serves the patients’ needs.

* anatomy: 해부학 ** physiology: 생리학 *** pharmacology: 약리학

 

① 임상의는 의학과 관련한 많은 학문 분야를 잘 알아야 한다.

② 임상의는 환자의 개인 정보가 유출되지 않도록 주의해야 한다.

③ 환자는 자신이 치료받는 방식에 대해 항상 잘 인지하고 있어야 한다.

④ 환자는 자신의 임상의를 절대 개인적인 감정으로 평가하지 않아야 한다.

⑤ 임상의는 환자 진단 및 치료 계획 시 환자의 감정적인 측면을 다뤄야 한다.

 

Keywords, phrases, clauses, sentences: Skilled clinicians pride themselves in their knowledge of diseases and treatments, But just as important is the knowledge of how illness can impact patient emotions.

 

글 내용: 숙련된 의사들은 자신들의 질병과 치료의 지식에 대해 자부심이 있다. 그러나 질병이 환자의 감정에 어떻게 영향을 끼치는지에 대한 지식이 중요하다라는 글 내용을 이해하면 답을 유추할 수 있을 것이다.

 

[문제] 2 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

In medical sociology, a disease is considered an adverse physical state consisting of a physiological dysfunction within an individual, as compared to illness or sickness. In actual practice, the term disease is applied rather liberally to a wide variety of conditions [that do not precisely fit the definition]. One of the more controversial areas relates to mental illness. It could be argued that many, if not most, mental disorders would not be considered diseases under the definition above. The same could be said of other conditions that have been identified as “diseases” at various times. Examples include alcoholism and drug abuse. These conditions do not necessarily have the requisite clear-cut symptomatology and underlying biological pathology. They are nevertheless frequently treated as if they were diseases. One explanation for this is clear: In order for a condition to be treated by the healthcare system, it must be identified as a disease. Therefore, there is a tendency toward __________.

* symptomatology: 병 증상 ** pathology: 건강 이상

① the attribution of disease to social problems

② an overly broad conceptualization of disease

③ the differentiation of mental and physical illness

④ an emphasis on academic achievements in medicine

⑤ an oversimplification of very complex disease processes

 

Keywords, phrases, clauses, sentences: a disease is considered an adverse physical state consisting of a physiological dysfunction within an individual, as compared to illness or sickness. the term disease is applied rather liberally to a wide variety of conditions that do not precisely fit the definition

 

글 내용: 질환은 질병이나 병과 비교해 생리학적 기능 장애의 신체적 상태로 간주된다. 질환은 정확한 정의에 맞추기보다는 널리 적용된다라는 글 내용을 이해하면 답을 유추할 수 있을 것이다.

 

 

[문제] 3 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것은?

Worldwide increases in IQ scores of about 3 points per decade over the last 100 years illustrate the potential for intellectual development. This increase in IQ scores, known as the Flynn effect, has occurred far too quickly to represent genetic changes.

 

(A) As nations become wealthier and more capable of battling disease, their citizens’ IQ scores increase. Surprisingly, the test score gains are most pronounced in supposed culture-free tests such as the Raven’s Progressive Matrices.

(B) Participants born after 1990 scored far better on these tests than did participants born in 1940. This change might reflect an improvement in the ability to manage dissimilar items that accompanies living in a modern society.

(C) Improvements in nutrition and other health factors probably account for some of the change. Using information from the World Health Organization, researchers have identified strong correlations between a nation’s freedom from serious infectious diseases and its citizens’ average IQ scores.

① (A) - (C) - (B)      ② (B) - (A) - (C)      ③ (B) - (C) - (A)

④ (C) - (A) - (B)      ⑤ (C) - (B) - (A)

 

Keywords, phrases, clauses, sentences: IQ scores

 

글 내용: IQ 점수의 변화로 영양 및 기타 건강 요인의 개선이 IQ변화의 일부를 설명한다라는 글 내용을 이해하면 답을 유추할 수 있을 것이다.

 

Flynn Effect(플린 효과) 이전세대보다 다음세대의 평균 지능 지수(IQ)가 높아지는 현상으로, 뉴질랜드 통계학 교수 James Flynn이 발견하였다.