2024년 6월 고1 모의고사 문제풀이

2024년 6월 고1 모의고사 고딕체, 구절을 통해 문제풀이에 대해 알아보겠습니다.

"When clicked, the image enlarges"

< 구: 두 단어 이상 > [ 절: 접주동 ]

구안에 절이 들어갈 수 도 절안에 구가 들어갈 수도 있다. 덩어리를 잘 묶어 보면 문장이 어렵지 않게 보이기 시작한다.

< 명사구 > [ 명사절 ] < 형용사구 > [ 형용사절 ] < 부사구 > [ 부사절 ]

 

고딕체와 밑줄만 잘 보면 답이 보인다

18. Dear Reader,

We always appreciate your support. As you know, our service is now available through an app. There has never been a better time to switch to an online membership of TourTide Magazine. At a 50% discount off your current print subscription, you can access a full year of online reading. Get new issues and daily web pieces at TourTide.com, read or listen to TourTide Magazine via the app, and get our members­only newsletter. You’ll also gain access to our editors’ selections of the best articles. Join today!

Yours,

TourTide Team

 

이제 앱을 통해서도 저희 서비스를 이용하실 수 있습니다.

오늘 가입하세요!

잡지 온라인 구독을 권유하려고

 

19. As I walked from the mailbox, my heart was beating rapidly. In my hands, I held the letter from the university I had applied to. I thought my grades were good enough to cross the line and my application letter was well­written, but was it enough? I hadn’t slept a wink for days. As I carefully tore into the paper of the envelope, the letter slowly emerged with the opening phrase, “It is our great pleasure...” I shouted with joy, “I am in!” As I held the letter, I began to make a fantasy about my college life in a faraway city.

 

anxious -> delighted

 

2024년 6월 고2 모의고사 문제풀이

 

20. <Having a messy room> can add up to negative feelings and destructive thinking. Psychologists say that having a disorderly room can indicate a disorganized mental state. One of the professional tidying experts says that the moment you start cleaning your room, you also start changing your life and gaining new perspective. When you clean your surroundings, positive and good atmosphere follows. You can do more things efficiently and neatly. So, clean up your closets, organize your drawers, and arrange your things first, then peace of mind will follow.

 

방이 지저분한 것은 결국 부정적인 감정과 파괴적인 사고로 이어질 수 있다.

그러니 먼저 옷장을 청소하고, 서랍을 정리하고, 물건을 정돈한다면 마음의 평화가 따라올 것이다.

 

자신의 공간을 정돈하여 긍정적 변화를 도모하라.

2024년 서울대 진학률이 높은 고등학교 전국 37개 학교

 

21. The soil of a farm field is forced to be the perfect environment for monoculture growth. This is achieved by adding nutrients in the form of fertilizer and water by way of irrigation. During the last fifty years, engineers and crop scientists have helped farmers become much more efficient at supplying exactly the right amount of both. World usage of fertilizer has tripled since 1969, and the global capacity for irrigation has almost doubled; we are feeding and watering our fields more than ever, and our crops are loving it. Unfortunately, these luxurious conditions have also excited the attention of certain agricultural undesirables. [Because farm fields are loaded with nutrients and water <relative to the natural land> [that surrounds them]], they are desired as luxury real estate by every random weed in the area.

 

농지의 토양은 단일 작물 재배를 위한 완벽한 환경 이어야 한다.

농지는 주위를 둘러싼 자연 지대에 비해 영양분과 물이 풍족히 채워져 있기 때문에 그 지역의 어떤 잡초라도 원하는 고급 부동산이 된다.

 

a field abundant with necessities for plants

 

22. [When it comes to helping out], you don’t have to do much. All [you have to do] is come around and show [that you care]. If you notice someone who is lonely, you could go and sit with them. If you work with someone who eats lunch all by themselves, and you go and sit down with them, they will begin to be more social after a while, and they will owe it all to you. A person’s happiness comes from attention. There are too many people out in the world who feel like everyone has forgotten them or ignored them. [Even if you say hi to someone passing by], they will begin to feel better about themselves, like someone cares.

 

도움을 주는 것에 관해서 당신은 많은 것을 할 필요는 없다. 그저 다가가서 관심을 갖고 있다는 것을 보여주기만 하면 된다.

지나가는 사람들에게 인사만 건네도, 누군가 (그들에게) 관심을 가져주는 것처럼, 그들은 자기 자신에 대해 기분이 좋아지기 시작할 것이다.

 

사소한 관심이 타인에게 도움이 될 수 있다.

 

23. We often try to make cuts in our challenges and take the easy route. <When taking the quick exit>, we fail to acquire the strength to compete. We often take the easy route to improve our skills. Many of us never really work to achieve mastery in the key areas of life. These skills are key tools that can be useful to our career, health, and prosperity. Highly successful athletes don’t win because of better equipment; they win by facing hardship to gain strength and skill. They win through preparation. It’s the mental preparation, winning mindset, strategy, and skill that set them apart. Strength comes from struggle, not from taking the path of least resistance. Hardship is not just a lesson for the next time in front of us. Hardship will be the greatest teacher we will ever have in life.

 

우리는 종종 우리의 도전을 멈추고, 쉬운 길을 택하려고 한다. 쉬운 길을 택하면 경쟁할 수 있는 힘을 얻지 못한다.

고난은 우리 인생에서 가장 위대한 스승이 될 것이다.

 

importance of confronting hardship in one’s life

 

24. Your behaviors are usually a reflection of your identity. What you do is an indication of the type of person you believe that you are ― either consciously or nonconsciously. Research has shown that once a person believes in a particular aspect of their identity, they are more likely to act according to that belief. For example, people who identified as “being a voter” were more likely to vote than those who simply claimed “voting” was an action they wanted to perform. Similarly, the person who accepts exercise as the part of their identity doesn’t have to convince themselves to train. Doing the right thing is easy. After all, when your behavior and your identity perfectly match, you are no longer pursuing behavior change. You are simply acting like the type of person you already believe yourself to be.

 

당신의 행동은 대개 당신의 정체성을 반영한다.

당신은 그저 당신 스스로가 그렇다고 이미 믿고 있는 유형의 사람처럼 행동하고 있을 뿐이다.

 

Action Comes from Who You Think You Are

2024년 (QS / THE) 세계대학 순위 속 우리나라 대학 순위

 

29. The hunter­gatherer lifestyle, which can be described as “natural” to human beings, appears to have had much to recommend it. Examination of human remains from early hunter­gatherer societies has suggested [that our ancestors enjoyed abundant food, obtainable without excessive effort, and suffered very few diseases.] If this is true, it is not clear why so many humans settled in permanent villages and developed agriculture, growing crops and domesticating animals: cultivating fields was hard work, and it was in farming villages that epidemic diseases first took root. [Whatever its immediate effect on the lives of humans], the development of settlements and agriculture undoubtedly led to a high increase in population density. This period, known as the New Stone Age, was a major turning point in human development, opening the way to the growth of the first towns and cities, and eventually leading to settled “civilizations.”

 

수렵 채집 생활 방식

인류의 조상들이 과도한 노력 없이도 구할 수 있는 풍족한 식량을 누릴 수 있었고 질병에 걸리는 일도 거의 없었다는 것을 알려준다.

인간의 삶에 미치는 즉각적인 영향이 무엇이든, 정착지와 농업의 발전은 의심의 여지없이 인구 밀도의 높은 증가로 이어졌다. “문명”

 

what은 명사와 같이 사용하지 않으므로 that으로 바꿔야 한다.

 

30. Many human and non­human animals save commodities or money for future consumption. This behavior seems to reveal a preference of a delayed reward over an immediate one: the agent gives up some immediate pleasure in exchange for a future one. Thus the discounted value of the future reward should be greater than the un­discounted value of the present one. However, in some cases the agent does not wait for the envisioned occasion but uses their savings prematurely. For example, early in the year an employee might set aside money to buy Christmas presents but then spend it on a summer vacation instead. Such cases could be examples of weakness of will. That is, the agents may judge or resolve to spend their savings in a certain way for the greatest benefit but then act differently [when temptation for immediate pleasure appears].

 

많은 인간과 인간이 아닌 동물은 물건이나 돈을 미래의 소비를 위해 저축한다.

즉, 행위자는 그들의 저축을 가장 큰 이익을 위해 특정 방식으로 사용하기로 판단하거나 결심했으나 즉각적인 즐거움에 대한 유혹이 생기면 다르게 행동할 수도 있다.

31. The costs of interruptions are well­documented. Martin Luther King Jr. lamented them when he described “that lovely poem that didn’t get written because someone knocked on the door.” Perhaps the most famous literary example happened in 1797 when Samuel Taylor Coleridge started writing his poem Kubla Khan from a dream he had but then was visited by an unexpected guest. For Coleridge, by coincidence, the untimely visitor came at a particularly bad time. He forgot his inspiration and left the work unfinished. While there are many documented cases of sudden disruptions that have had significant consequences for professionals in critical roles such as doctors, nurses, control room operators, stock traders, and pilots, they also impact most of us in our everyday lives, slowing down work productivity and generally increasing stress levels.

 

방해로 인한 대가는 잘 기록되어 있다.

불청객은 특히 좋지 않은 시기에 찾아왔다. 그는 영감을 잊고 작품을 미완성으로 남겼다.

갑작스러운 방해의 사례

 

32. There’s a lot of scientific evidence <demonstrating [that focused attention leads to the reshaping of the brain]>. In animals rewarded for noticing sound (to hunt or to avoid being hunted for example), we find much larger auditory centers in the brain. In animals rewarded for sharp eyesight, the visual areas are larger. Brain scans of violinists provide more evidence, showing dramatic growth and expansion in regions of the cortex that represent the left hand, which has to finger the strings precisely, often at very high speed. Other studies have shown that the hippocampus, which is vital for spatial memory, is enlarged in taxi drivers. The point is [that the physical architecture of the brain changes according to [where we direct our attention] and [what we practice doing]].

 

주의 집중이 뇌의 재구조화로 이어진다는 과학적 증거는 많이 있다.

요점은 우리가 어디에 주의를 기울이고 무엇을 연습하느냐에 따라 뇌의 물리적 구조가 달라진다는 것이다.

 

33. How did the human mind evolve? One possibility is [that competition and conflicts with other human tribes caused our brains to evolve the way [they did]]. A human tribe that could out­think its enemies, even slightly, possessed a vital advantage. The ability of your tribe to imagine and predict where and when a hostile enemy tribe might strike, and plan accordingly, gives your tribe a significant military advantage. The human mind became a weapon in the struggle for survival, a weapon far more decisive than any before it. And this mental advantage was applied, over and over, within each succeeding generation. The tribe [that could out­think its opponents] was more likely to succeed in battle and would then pass on the genes <responsible for this mental advantage> to its offspring. You and I are the descendants of the winners.

 

인간의 생각은 어떻게 진화했을까? 한 가지 가능성은 다른 인간 부족과의 경쟁과 갈등이 우리 두뇌가 그렇게 진화하도록 했다는 것이다.

상대보다 더 우수한 생각을 할 수 있는 부족은 전투에서 승리할 확률이 높았고, 이러한 정신적 우위를 담당하는 유전자를 자손에게 물려주었다. 당신과 나는 승자의 후손이다.

 

34. <To find the hidden potential in teams, instead of brainstorming>, we’re better off shifting to a process called brainwriting. The initial steps are solo. You start by asking everyone to generate ideas separately. Next, you pool them and share them anonymously among the group. To preserve independent judgment, each member evaluates them on their own. Only then does the team come together to select and refine the most promising options. By developing and assessing ideas individually <before choosing and elaborating them>, teams can surface and advance possibilities [that might not get attention otherwise]. This brainwriting process makes sure [that all ideas are brought to the table and all voices are brought into the conversation]. It is especially effective in groups that struggle to achieve collective intelligence.

 

팀의 숨겨진 잠재력을 찾으려면 브레인스토밍 대신 브레인라이팅이라는 과정으로 전환하는 것이 좋다.

아이디어를 선택하고 구체화하기 전에 개별적으로 아이디어를 전개하고 평가함으로써 팀은 다른 방법으로는 주목받지 못했을 가능성을 드러내고 발전시킬 수 있다.

이 브레인라이팅 과정은 모든 아이디어를 테이블에 올려놓고 모든 의견을 대화에 반영할 수 있도록 한다.

주요 국립/사립대학 등록금

 

35. Simply giving employees a sense of agency ― a feeling [that they are in control], [that they have genuine decision­making authority] ― can radically increase [how much energy and focus they bring to their jobs]. One 2010 study at a manufacturing plant in Ohio, for instance, carefully examined assembly­line workers who were empowered to make small decisions about their schedules and work environment. They designed their own uniforms and had authority over shifts while all the manufacturing processes and pay scales stayed the same. It led to decreased efficiency because their decisions were not uniform or focused on meeting organizational goals. Within two months, productivity at the plant increased by 20 percent, with workers taking shorter breaks and making fewer mistakes. <Giving employees a sense of control> improved [how much self­discipline they brought to their jobs].

 

단순히 직원들에게 주인의식(그들이 통제하고 있다는 느낌, 진정한 의사 결정 권한이 있다는 느낌)을 주는 것만으로도 그들이 자신의 업무에 쏟는 에너지와 집중력을 급격하게 높일 수 있다.

자신들이 통제권을 쥐고 있다는 느낌을 직원들에게 부여한 것이 그들이 업무에 끌어들이는 자기 통제력을 향상시켰다.

 

36. [As businesses shift some core business activities to digital, such as sales, marketing, or archiving], it is assumed [that the impact on the environment will be less negative].

 

(A) When we store bigger data on clouds, increased carbon emissions make our green clouds gray. The carbon footprint of an email is smaller than mail sent via a post office, but still, it causes four grams of CO₂, and it can be as much as 50 grams if the attachment is big.

(B) However, digital business activities can still threaten the environment. In some cases, the harm of digital businesses can be even more hazardous. A few decades ago, offices used to have much more paper waste since all documents were paper based.

(C) When workplaces shifted from paper to digital documents, invoices, and emails, it was a promising step to save trees. However, the cost of the Internet and electricity for the environment is neglected. A recent Wired report declared that most data centers’ energy source is fossil fuels.

 

 However, digital business activities can still threaten the environment.-> When workplaces shifted from paper to digital documents -> When we store bigger data on clouds

 

기업이 영업, 마케팅, 파일 보관 등 일부 핵심 비즈니스 활동을 디지털로 전환함에 따라 환경에 미치는 영향이 덜 부정적일 것으로 예상된다.

그러나 디지털 비즈니스 활동은 여전히 환경을 위협할 수 있다. 경우에 따라서는 디지털 비즈니스가 끼치는 해악이 훨씬 더 위험할 수 있다. 수십 년 전만 해도 사무실에서는 모든 문서가 종이로 작성되었기 때문에 종이 폐기물이 훨씬 더 많았다.

직장에서 종이를 디지털 문서, (디지털) 송장, 이메일로 전환한 것은 나무를 보호할 수 있는 유망한 조치였다. 하지만 인터넷과 전기가 환경에 입히는 손실은 간과되고 있다. 최근 Wired의 보고서에 따르면 대부분의 데이터 센터의 에너지원은 화석 연료이다.

클라우드에 더 많은 데이터를 저장할수록 탄소 배출량이 증가하여 녹색 구름을 회색으로 변하게 만든다. 이메일의 탄소 발자국은 우체국을 통해 보내는 우편물보다 적지만 여전히 4g의 이산화탄소를 유발하며 첨부 파일이 크면 50g에 달할 수 있다.

 

37. Problems often arise [if an exotic species is suddenly introduced to an ecosystem].

(A) The grey had the edge because it can adapt its diet; it is able, for instance, to eat green acorns, while the red can only digest mature acorns. Within the same area of forest, grey squirrels can destroy the food supply before red squirrels even have a bite.

(B) Britain’s red and grey squirrels provide a clear example. When the grey arrived from America in the 1870s, both squirrel species competed for the same food and habitat, which put the native red squirrel populations under pressure.

(C) Greys can also live more densely and in varied habitats, so have survived more easily when woodland has been destroyed. As a result, the red squirrel has come close to extinction in England.

 

Britain’s red and grey squirrels provide a clear example -> The grey had the edge -> Greys can also live more densely

 

외래종이 갑자기 생태계에 유입되면 문제가 종종 발생한다.

영국의 붉은색 다람쥐와 회색 다람쥐가 명확한 예를 제공한다. 1870년대 미국에서 회색 다람쥐가 왔을 때, 두 다람쥐 종은 동일한 먹이와 서식지를 놓고 경쟁했고, 이것이 토종의 붉은 다람쥐 개체군을 압박했다.

회색 다람쥐는 먹이를 조절할 수 있기 때문에 우위를 점했다. 예를 들어 회색 다람쥐는 설익은 도토리를 먹을 수 있는 반면, 붉은 다람쥐는 다 익은 도토리만 소화할 수 있다. 숲의 같은 지역 내에서 회색 다람쥐는 붉은 다람쥐가 한 입 먹기도 전에 식량 공급을 파괴할 수 있다.

회색 다람쥐는 또한 더 밀집하며 다양한 서식지에서 살 수 있어서 삼림이 파괴되었을 때 더 쉽게 살아남았다. 그 결과, 붉은 다람쥐는 영국에서 거의 멸종 위기에 이르렀다.

38. Farmers, on the other hand, could live in the same place year after year and did not have to worry about transporting young children long distances.

 

Growing crops forced people to stay in one place. Hunter-gatherers typically moved around frequently, and they had to be able to carry all their possessions with them every time they moved. (1) In particular, mothers had to carry their young children. (2) As a result, hunter-gatherer mothers could have only one baby every four years or so, spacing their births so that they never had to carry more than one child at a time. (3) Societies [that settled down in one place] were able to shorten their birth intervals from four years to about two. (4) This meant that each woman could have more children than her hunter-gatherer counterpart, which in turn resulted in rapid population growth among farming communities. (5) An increased population was actually an advantage to agricultural societies, because farming required large amounts of human labor.

 

농작물 재배는 사람들이 한곳에 머무르게 했다. 수렵 채집인들은 일반적으로 자주 이동해야 했고, 이동할 때마다 모든 소유물을 가지고 다닐 수 있어야 했다. 특히, 어머니들은 어린아이를 업고 이동해야 했다. 그 결과, 수렵 채집인 어머니들은 대략 4년마다 한 명의 아이만 낳을 수 있었고, 한 번에 한 명 이상의 아이를 업고 다닐 필요가 없도록 출산 간격을 두었다. 반면, 농부들은 매년 같은 장소에서 살 수 있었고 어린아이를 장거리 이동시켜야 하는 걱정을 하지 않아도 되었다. 한곳에 정착하게 된 사회는 출산 간격을 4년에서 약 2년으로 단축할 수 있었다. 이는 여성 한 명이 수렵 채집인인 상대보다 더 많은 아이를 낳을 수 있다는 것을 의미했고, 그 결과 그것은 농경 사회에서 급격한 인구 증가를 야기했다. 인구 증가는 실제로 농경 사회에 유리했는데, 왜냐하면 농사는 많은 인간의 노동력을 필요로 했기 때문이다.

 

39. By comparison, birds <with the longest childhoods>, and those [that migrate with their parents], tend to have the most efficient migration routes.

<Spending time as children> allows animals to learn about their environment. Without childhood, animals must rely more fully on hardware, and therefore be less flexible. (1) Among migratory bird species, those that are born knowing how, when, and where to migrate — those that are migrating entirely with instructions they were born with — sometimes have very inefficient migration routes. (2) These birds, born knowing how to migrate, don’t adapt easily. (3) So when lakes dry up, forest becomes farmland, or climate change pushes breeding grounds farther north, those birds that are born knowing how to migrate keep flying by the old rules and maps. (4) Childhood facilitates the passing on of cultural information, and culture can evolve faster than genes. (5) Childhood gives flexibility in a changing world.

 

동물은 유년기를 보내면서 환경에 대해 배울 수 있다. 유년기가 없으면, 동물은 하드웨어에 더 많이 의존해야 하므로 유연성이 떨어질 수밖에 없다. 철새 중에서도 언제, 어디로, 어떻게 이동해야 하는지를 알고 태어나는 새들, 즉 전적으로 태어날 때부터 주어진 지침에 따라 이동하는 새들은 때때로 매우 비효율적인 이동 경로를 가지고 있다. 이동 방법을 알고 태어난 새들은 쉽게 적응하지 못한다. 따라서 호수가 마르거나 숲이 농지로 바뀌거나 기후 변화로 번식지가 더 북쪽으로 밀려났을 때, 이동하는 방법을 알고 태어난 새들은 기존의 규칙과 지도를 따라 계속 날아간다. 이에 비해 유년기가 가장 길고 부모와 함께 이동하는 새는 가장 효율적인 이동 경로를 가지고 있는 경향이 있다. 유년기는 문화적 정보의 전달을 촉진하며, 문화는 유전자보다 더 빠르게 진화할 수 있다. 유년기는 변화하는 세상에서 유연성을 제공한다.

 

40. Over the last several decades, scholars have developed standards for how best to create, organize, present, and preserve digital information for future generations. What has remained neglected for the most part, however, are the needs of people with disabilities. As a result, many of the otherwise most valuable digital resources are useless for people who are deaf or hard of hearing, as well as for people who are blind, have low vision, or have difficulty distinguishing particular colors. While professionals working in educational technology and commercial web design have made significant progress in meeting the needs of such users, some scholars creating digital projects all too often fail to take these needs into account. This situation would be much improved [if more projects embraced the idea [that we should always keep the largest possible audience in mind] [as we make design decisions], <ensuring [that our final product serves the needs of those with disabilities as well as those without]>].

 

The needs of people with disabilities have often been overlooked in digital projects, [which could be changed by adopting an inclusive design].

 

지난 수십 년 동안 학자들은 미래 세대를 위해 디지털 정보를 가장 잘 만들고, 정리하고, 제시하고, 보존하는 방법에 대한 표준을 개발해 왔다. 그러나 대부분의 경우 장애가 있는 사람들의 요구는 여전히 무시되어 왔다.

더 많은 프로젝트에서 디자인을 결정할 때 최대한 많은 사용자를 항상 염두에 두고 최종 제품이 장애가 있는 사람들과 그렇지 않은 사람들 모두의 요구를 충족시킬 수 있도록 해야 한다는 생각을 받아들인다면 이러한 상황은 훨씬 개선될 것이다.

 

→ 장애가 있는 사람들의 요구는 디지털 프로젝트에서 종종 간과되어 왔으며, 이것은 포괄(포용)적인 디자인을 채택함으로써 변화될 수 있다.

 

41~42. All humans, to an extent, seek activities [that cause a degree of pain <in order to experience pleasure>], [whether this is found in spicy food, strong massages, or stepping into a too­cold or too­hot bath]. The key is that it is a ‘safe threat’. The brain perceives the stimulus to be painful but ultimately non­threatening. Interestingly, this could be similar to the way humor works: a ‘safe threat’ that causes pleasure by playfully violating norms. We feel uncomfortable, but safe. In this context, where survival is clearly not in danger, the desire for pain is actually the desire for a reward, not suffering or punishment. This reward­like effect comes from the feeling of mastery over the pain. The closer you look at your chilli­eating habit, the more remarkable it seems. When the active ingredient of chillies — capsaicin — touches the tongue, it stimulates exactly the same receptor that is activated when any of these tissues are burned. Knowing that our body is firing off danger signals, but that we are actually completely safe, produces pleasure. All children start off hating chilli, but many learn to derive pleasure from it through repeated exposure and knowing [that they will never experience any real harm]. Interestingly, seeking pain for the pain itself appears to be uniquely human. The only way scientists have trained animals to have a preference for chilli or to self­harm is to have the pain always directly associated with a pleasurable reward.

 

모든 인간은 어느 정도는 쾌락을 경험하기 위해 약간의 고통을 유발하는 활동을 추구한다. 이것이 매운 음식 또는 강한 마사지, 너무 차갑거나 뜨거운 욕조에 들어가기 중 어디에서 발견되든지 간에 말이다. 핵심은 그것이 ‘안전한 위협’이라는 점이다.

모든 아이들은 처음에는 칠리를 싫어하지만, 반복적인 노출과 실질적인 해를 경험하지 않는다는 것을 알게 됨을 통해 그것에서 쾌락을 얻는 방법을 배우게 된다. 흥미롭게도 고통 그 자체를 위해 고통을 추구하는 것은 인간만이 할 수 있는 행동으로 보인다. 동물이 칠리를 선호하게 하거나 스스로에게 해를 가하도록 과학자들이 훈련시키는 유일한 방법은 고통을 항상 즐거운 보상과 직접적으로 연관시키는 것이다.

 

The Secret Behind Painful Pleasures