2024년 3월 고1 모의고사 고딕체와 밑줄로 답 고르기

2024년 3월 고2 모의고사 이것만 보면 답이 보인다.

"When clicked, the image enlarges"

고딕체와 밑줄만 잘 보면 답이 보인다

 

어독해문제는 Keywords, phrases, clauses, sentences을 통해 글 내용 파악하고 문제풀이 과정 훈련을 하는 것이 중요합니다. 물론 선택지의 단어들은 꼭 알아 둘려고 노력하는 것이 중요하구요.

 

긴 문장은 구와 절 덩어리로 묶고 독해하기 편한 문장으로 보면 독해가 편해진다.

< 구: 두 단어 이상 > [ 절: 접주동 ]

구안에 절이 들어갈 수 도 절안에 구가 들어갈 수도 있다. 덩어리를 잘 묶어 보면 문장이 어렵지 않게 보이기 시작한다.

< 명사구 > [ 명사절 ] < 형용사구 > [ 형용사절 ] < 부사구 > [ 부사절 ]

 

2024년 서울대 진학률이 높은 고등학교 전국 37개 학교

18. 글의 목적

Dear Ms. Jane Watson,

I am John Austin, a science teacher at Crestville High School. Recently I was impressed by the latest book you wrote about the environment. Also my students read your book and had a class discussion about it. They are big fans of your book, so I’d like to ask you to visit our school and give a special lecture. We can set the date and time to suit your schedule. Having you at our school would be a fantastic experience for the students. We would be very grateful if you could come.

Best regards,

John Austin

 

그래서 저는 당신이 우리 학교에 방문하여 특별 강연을 해 주시기를 요청드리고 싶습니다.

 

19. 심경변화

Marilyn and her three-year-old daughter, Sarah, took a trip to the beach, where Sarah built her first sandcastle. Moments later, an enormous wave destroyed Sarah’s castle. In response to the loss of her sandcastle, tears streamed down Sarah’s cheeks and her heart was broken. She ran to Marilyn, saying she would never build a sandcastle again. Marilyn said, “Part of the joy of building a sandcastle is that, in the end, we give it as a gift to the ocean.” Sarah loved this idea and responded with enthusiasm to the idea of building another castle—this time, even closer to the water so the ocean would get its gift sooner!

 

눈물이 Sarah의 뺨을 타고 흘러내렸고

 

우리가 모래성 바다에게 선물로 주는 것으로 생각해

 

20.필자의 주장

Magic is what we all wish for to happen in our life. Do you love the movie Cinderella like me? Well, in real life, you can also create magic. Here’s the trick. Write down all the real-time challenges that you face and deal with. Just change the challenge statement into positive statements. Let me give you an example here. If you struggle with getting up early in the morning, then write a positive statement such as “I get up early in the morning at 5:00 am every day.” Once you write these statements, get ready to witness magic and confidence. You will be surprised that just by writing these statements, there is a shift in the way you think and act. Suddenly you feel more powerful and positive.

 

마법은 우리 모두 자신의 삶에서 일어나기를 바라는 바이다.

일단 여러분이 이러한 진술을 적는다면, 마법과 자신감을 목격할 준비를 하라.

 

21. 함축의미

Consider the seemingly simple question How many senses are there? Around 2,370 years ago, Aristotle wrote that there are five, in both humans and animals — sight, hearing, smell, taste, and touch. However, according to the philosopher Fiona Macpherson, there are reasons to doubt it. For a start, Aristotle missed a few in humans: the perception of your own body which is different from touch and the sense of balance which has links to both touch and vision. Other animals have senses that are even harder to categorize. Many vertebrates have a different sense system for detecting odors. Some snakes can detect the body heat of their prey. These examples tell us that “senses cannot be clearly divided into a limited number of specific kinds,” Macpherson wrote in The Senses. Instead of trying to push animal senses into Aristotelian buckets, we should study them for what they are.

* vertebrate: 척추동물 ** odor: 냄새

 

‘감각은 제한된 수의 특정한 종류로 명확하게 나누어지지 않을 수 있다.’

 

22. 글의 요지

When we think of leaders, we may think of people such as Abraham Lincoln or Martin Luther King, Jr. If you consider the historical importance and far-reaching influence of these individuals, leadership might seem like a noble and high goal. But like all of us, these people started out as students, workers, and citizens [who possessed ideas about how some aspect of daily life could be improved on a larger scale]. Through diligence and experience, they improved upon their ideas by sharing them with others, seeking their opinions and feedback and constantly looking for the best way to accomplish goals for a group. Thus we all have the potential to be leaders at school, in our communities, and at work, regardless of age or experience.

* diligence: 근면

 

리더들은 일상생활의 어느 측면이 더 큰 규모로 어떻게 개선될 수 있는지에 대한 생각을 소유한 일반적인 사람들로써 시작한다.

근면함과 경험을 통해, 그들은 자신의 생각을 다른 사람들과 공유하고, 그들의 의견과 반응을 구하며, 끊임없이 집단의 목표를 성취할 수 있는 가장 좋은 방법을 찾음으로써 자신의 생각을 발전시켰다.

 

23. 글의 주제

Crop rotation is the process in which farmers change the crops they grow in their fields in a special order. For example, if a farmer has three fields, he or she may grow carrots in the first field, green beans in the second, and tomatoes in the third. The next year, green beans will be in the first field, tomatoes in the second field, and carrots will be in the third. In year three, the crops will rotate again. By the fourth year, the crops will go back to their original order. Each crop enriches the soil for the next crop. This type of farming is sustainable because the soil stays healthy.

* sustainable: 지속 가능한

윤작 유형의 농업은 토양이 건강하게 유지되기 때문에 지속 가능하다.

 

24. 글의 제목

Working around the whole painting, rather than concentrating on one area at a time, will mean you can stop at any point and the painting can be considered “finished.” Artists often find it difficult to know when to stop painting, and it can be tempting to keep on adding more to your work. It is important to take a few steps back from the painting from time to time to assess your progress. Putting too much into a painting can spoil its impact and leave it looking overworked. If you find yourself struggling to decide whether you have finished, take a break and come back to it later with fresh eyes. Then you can decide whether any areas of your painting would benefit from further refinement.

* tempting: 유혹하는 ** refinement: 정교하게 꾸밈

 

만약 여러분이 끝냈는지를 결정하는 데 자신이 어려움을 겪고 있음을 알게 된다면, 잠시 휴식을 취하고 나중에 새로운 눈으로 그것(그림)으로 다시 돌아와라.

 

29. 어법

It would be hard <to overstate [how important meaningful work is to human beings] — work [that provides a sense of fulfillment and empowerment]>. Those who have found deeper meaning in their careers find their days much more energizing and satisfying, and count their employment as one of their greatest sources of joy and pride. Sonya Lyubomirsky, professor of psychology at the University of California, has conducted numerous workplace studies showing that when people are more fulfilled on the job, they not only produce higher quality work and a greater output, but also generally earn higher incomes. Those most satisfied with their work are also much more likely to be happier with their lives overall. For her book Happiness at Work, researcher Jessica Pryce-Jones conducted a study of 3,000 workers in seventy-nine countries, finding that those who took greater satisfaction from their work were 150 percent more likely to have a happier life overall.

* numerous: 수많은

 

Those [who have found deeper meaning in their careers] find their days much more energizing and satisfying, and count their employment as one of their greatest sources of joy and pride.

자신의 직업에서 더 깊은 의미를 찾은 사람은 자신의 하루하루가 훨씬 더 활기차고 만족감을 준다는 것을 발견하고, 자신의 직업을 기쁨과 자부심의 가장 큰 원천 중 하나로 꼽는다.

 

의미있는 일(성취감과 권한을 제공하는)이 인간에게 얼마나 중요한지를 과장하는 것은 어려울 것이다.

 

30. 어휘

The rate of speed [at which one is traveling] will greatly determine the ability <to process detail in the environment>. In evolutionary terms, human senses are adapted to the speed at which humans move through space under their own power while walking. Our ability to distinguish detail in the environment is therefore ideally suited to movement at speeds of perhaps five miles per hour and under. The fastest users of the street, motorists, therefore have a much more limited ability to process details along the street ― a motorist simply has little time or ability to appreciate design details. On the other hand, pedestrian travel, being much slower, allows for the appreciation of environmental detail. Joggers and bicyclists fall somewhere in between these polar opposites; while they travel faster than pedestrians, their rate of speed is ordinarily much slower than that of the typical motorist.

* distinguish: 구별하다 ** pedestrian: 보행자

 

사람이 이동하는 속도의 빠르기는 환경 속 세세한 것을 처리하는 능력을 크게 결정할 것이다.

운전자는 단지 디자인의 세세한 것을 감상할 수 있는 적은 시간이나 능력이 있다.

반면에 보행자 이동은 훨씬 더 느려서, 환경의 세세한 것을 감상할 수 있도록 허용해 준다.

 

31. 빈칸

Every species has certain climatic requirements — what degree of heat or cold it can endure, for example. [When the climate changes], the places [that satisfy those requirements] change, too. Species are forced to follow. All creatures are capable of some degree of movement. Even creatures that appear immobile, like trees and barnacles, are capable of dispersal at some stage of their life — as a seed, in the case of the tree, or as a larva, in the case of the barnacle. A creature must get from the place it is born — often occupied by its parent — to a place where it can survive, grow, and reproduce. From fossils, scientists know [that even creatures like trees moved with surprising speed during past periods of climate change].

* barnacle: 따개비 ** dispersal: 분산 *** fossil: 화석

 

모든 종은 특정한 기후 요건을 가지고 있다.

기후가 변할 때, 그러한 요건을 충족시키는 장소도 역시 변한다.

움직이지 않는 것처럼 보이는 생명체도 분산할 수 있다.

화석으로부터, 과학자들은 심지어 나무와 같은 생명체는 기후 변화의 과거 시기 동안 놀라운 속도로 이동했다는 것을 알고 있다.

 

32. 빈칸

No respectable boss would say, “I make it a point to discourage my staff from speaking up, and I maintain a culture that prevents disagreeing viewpoints from ever getting aired.” If anything, most bosses even say that they are pro-dissent. This idea can be found throughout the series of conversations with corporate, university, and nonprofit leaders, published weekly in the business sections of newspapers. In the interviews, the featured leaders are asked about their management techniques, and regularly claim to continually encourage internal protest from more junior staffers. As Bot Pittman remarked in one of these conversations: “I want us to listen to these dissenters because they may intend to tell you why we can’t do something, but if you listen hard, what they’re really telling you is what you must do to get something done.”

* dissent: 반대

 

존경할 만한 상사는 내 직원이 자유롭게 의견을 내지 못하도록 하고, 동의하지 않는 관점이 언제든 공공연히 알려지는 것을 가로막는 문화를 유지한다.’라고 말하지는 않을 것이다. 오히려, 대부분의 상사는 심지어 자신은 반대에 찬성한다고 말한다.

내부적인 저항이 더 많은 부하 직원에게서 (나오기를) 계속해서 장려하고 있다고 어김없이 주장한다.

 

33. 빈칸

One of the most striking characteristics of a sleeping animal or person is [that they do not respond normally to environmental stimuli]. If you open the eyelids of a sleeping mammal, the eyes will not see normally — they are functionally blind. Some visual information apparently gets in, but it is not normally processed [as it is shortened or weakened]; same with the other sensing systems. Stimuli are registered but not processed normally and they fail to wake the individual. Perceptual disengagement probably serves the function of protecting sleep, so some authors do not count it as part of the definition of sleep itself. But as sleep would be impossible without it, it seems essential to its definition. Nevertheless, many animals (including humans) use the intermediate state of drowsiness to derive some benefits of sleep without total perceptual disengagement.

* stimuli: 자극 ** disengagement: 이탈 *** drowsiness: 졸음

 

잠을 자고 있는 동물이나 사람의 가장 두드러진 특징 중 하나는 그들이 환경의 자극에 정상적으로 반응하지 않는다는 것이다. 만약 당신이 잠을 자고 있는 포유류의 눈꺼풀을 열면, 그 눈은 정상적으로 볼 수 없을 것인데, 즉 그 눈은 기능적으로는 실명 상태이다. 어떤 시각적 정보는 명백히 눈으로 들어오지만, [그것은 짧아지거나 약화되어서] 정상적으로 처리되지 않는다.

 

34. 빈칸

A number of research studies have shown how experts in a field often experience difficulties [when introducing newcomers to that field]. For example, in a genuine training situation, Dr Pamela Hinds found that people expert in using mobile phones were remarkably less accurate than novice phone users in judging how long it takes people to learn to use the phones. Experts can become insensitive to how hard a task is for the beginner, an effect referred to as the ‘curse of knowledge’. Dr Hinds was able to show that as people acquired the skill, they then began to underestimate the level of difficulty of that skill. Her participants even underestimated how long it had taken themselves to acquire that skill in an earlier session. Knowing that experts forget how hard it was for them to learn, we can understand the need to look at the learning process through students’ eyes, rather than making assumptions about how students ‘should be’ learning.

* novice: 초보

 

신입이 새로 들어왔을 때 전문가들이 가지는 어려움은 당연한 건데 왜 모르지를 생각하면 어렵지 않게 답을 고를 수 있다. 즉 얼마되지 않은 고참이 신참을 쉽게 가르칠 수 있다.

 

35. 무관한 문장

A group of psychologists studied individuals with severe mental illness who experienced weekly group music therapy, including singing familiar songs and composing original songs. The results showed that the group music therapy improved the quality of participants’ life, with those participating in a greater number of sessions experiencing the greatest benefits. Focusing on singing, another group of psychologists reviewed articles on the efficacy of group singing as a mental health treatment for individuals living with a mental health condition in a community setting. The findings showed that, when people with mental health conditions participated in a choir, their mental health and wellbeing significantly improved. (The negative effects of music were greater than the psychologists expected.) Group singing provided enjoyment, improved emotional states, developed a sense of belonging and enhanced self-confidence.

* therapy: 치료 ** efficacy: 효능

 

집단 음악 치료를 매주 경험한 심각한 정신 질환이 있는 사람들을 연구했다.

(음악의 부정적인 효과는 심리학자가 예상했던 것보다 더 컸다.)는 전체 글의 흐름과 무관하다.

 

36. 글의 순서

In many sports, people realized the difficulties and even impossibilities of young children <participating fully in many adult sport environments>. They found the road to success for young children is unlikely if they play on adult fields, courts or arenas with equipment that is too large, too heavy or too fast for them to handle while trying to compete in adult-style competition. Common sense has prevailed: different sports have made adaptations for children. As examples, baseball has T ball, football has flag football and junior soccer uses a smaller and lighter ball and (sometimes) a smaller field. All have junior competitive structures where children play for shorter time periods and often in smaller teams. In a similar way, tennis has adapted the court areas, balls and rackets to make them more appropriate for children under 10. The adaptations are progressive and relate to the age of the child.

* prevail: 널리 퍼지다

어린아이들이 여러 성인스포츠 환경에 완전히 참여하기란 어렵고 심지어 불가능하다는 것을 깨달았다.

여러 스포츠는 어린아이들을 위한 조정을 했다.

조정은 점진적이고 어린아이의 연령과 관련이 있다.

37. 글의 순서

With no horses available, the Inca empire excelled at delivering messages on foot. The messengers were stationed on the royal roads to deliver the Inca king’s orders and reports coming from his lands. Called Chasquis, they lived in groups of four to six in huts, placed from one to two miles apart along the roads. They were all young men and especially good runners who watched the road in both directions. If they caught sight of another messenger coming, they hurried out to meet them. The Inca built the huts on high ground, in sight of one another. When a messenger neared the next hut, he began to call out and repeated the message three or four times to the one who was running out to meet him. The Inca empire could relay messages 1,000 miles (1,610 km) in three or four days under good conditions.

* excel: 탁월하다 ** messenger: 전령

 

걸어서 메시지를 전달

Chasquis라고 불리는 그들은 네 명에서 여섯 명의 집단을 이루어 길을 따라 1마일에서 2마일 간격으로 떨어져 배치된 오두막에서 생활했다. 그들은 모두 젊은 남자였고, 양방향으로 길을 주시하는 특히 잘 달리는 이들이었다.

 

38. 끼워넣기

The tongue was mapped into separate areas [where certain tastes were registered]: sweetness at the tip, sourness on the sides, and bitterness at the back of the mouth. Research in the 1980s and 1990s, however, demonstrated that the “tongue map” explanation of how we taste was, in fact, totally wrong. As it turns out, the map was a misinterpretation and mistranslation of research conducted in Germany at the turn of the twentieth century. Today, leading taste researchers believe that taste buds are not grouped according to specialty. Sweetness, saltiness, bitterness, and sourness can be tasted everywhere in the mouth, although they may be perceived at a little different intensities at different sites. Moreover, the mechanism at work is not place, but time. It’s not that you taste sweetness at the tip of your tongue, but rather that you register that perception first.

* taste bud: 미뢰

 

혀는 특정 맛이 등록되는 개별적인 영역으로 구획

‘혀 지도’ 설명이 사실은 완전히 틀렸다

오늘날, 선도적인 미각 연구자는 미뢰가 맛을 느끼는 특화된 분야에 따라 분류되지 않는다고 믿는다.

단맛, 짠맛, 쓴맛 그리고 신맛은 입안 어디에서나 느낄 수 있다. 게다가, 작동 중인 기제는 위치가 아니라 시간이다.

 

39.  끼워넣기

No two animals are alike. Animals from the same litter will display some of the same features, but will not be exactly the same as each other; therefore, they may not respond in entirely the same way during a healing session. Environmental factors can also determine [how the animal will respond during the treatment]. For instance, a cat in a rescue center will respond very differently than a cat within a domestic home environment. In addition, animals that experience healing for physical illness will react differently than those accepting healing for emotional confusion. With this in mind, every healing session needs to be explored differently, and each healing treatment should be adjusted to suit the specific needs of the animal. You will learn as you go; healing is a constant learning process.

* litter: (한 배에서 태어난) 새끼들

 

어떤 두 동물도 똑같지 않다. 한 배에서 태어난 동물은 똑같은 몇몇 특성을 보여 줄 수 있겠지만, 서로 정확히 같지는 않을 것이다.

또한 환경적 요인은 치료 중에 동물이 어떻게 반응할지를 결정할 수 있다. 예를 들어, 구조 센터에 있는 고양이는 가정집 환경 내에 있는 고양이와는 매우 다르게 반응할 것이다.

 

40. 요약

The mind has parts that are known as the conscious mind and the subconscious mind. The subconscious mind is very fast to act and doesn’t deal with emotions. It deals with memories of your responses to life, your memories and recognition. However, the conscious mind is the one that you have more control over. You think. You can choose whether to carry on a thought or to add emotion to it and this is the part of your mind that lets you down frequently because — fueled by emotions — you make the wrong decisions time and time again. When your judgment is clouded by emotions, this puts in biases and all kinds of other negativities that hold you back. Scared of spiders? Scared of the dark? There are reasons for all of these fears, but they originate in the conscious mind. They only become real fears when the subconscious mind records your reactions.

 

→ [While the controllable conscious mind deals with thoughts and emotions], the fast-acting subconscious mind stores your responses, <forming real fears>.

 

마음은 의식적 마음과 잠재의식적 마음

잠재의식적 마음은 감정을 다루지 않는다.

이러한 두려움 전부 이유가 있지만 그것들은 의식적 마음에서 비롯된다. 그것들은 오직 잠재의식적 마음이 여러분의 반응을 기록할 때 실제 두려움이 된다.

 

→ 통제할 수 있는 의식적 마음은 생각과 감정을 다루지만, 빠르게 작동하는 잠재의식적 마음이 여러분의 반응을 저장하고, 이는 실제 두려움을 형성한다.

41~42. 장문 

Norms are everywhere, defining what is “normal” and guiding our interpretations of social life at every turn. As a simple example, there is a norm in Anglo society to say Thank you to strangers who have just done something to help, such as open a door for you, point out that you’ve just dropped something, or give you directions. There is no law that forces you to say Thank you. But if people don’t say Thank you in these cases it is marked. People expect that you will say it. You become responsible. Failing to say it will be both surprising and worthy of criticism. <Not knowing the norms of another community> is the central problem of cross-cultural communication. To continue the Thank you example, even though another culture may have an expression that appears translatable (many don’t), there may be different norms for its usage, for example, such that you should say Thank you only when the cost someone has caused is considerable. In such a case it would sound ridiculous (i.e., unexpected, surprising, and worthy of criticism) if you were to thank someone for something so minor as holding a door open for you.

 

규범은 어디에나 존재한다.

다른 집단의 규범을 모른다는 것은 문화사이의 의사소통에서 중심적인 문제이다.