2024년 5월 고3 모의고사 무관한문장~장문1 (35~42번)문제들

2024년 5월 고3 모의고사 무관한문장~장문1 (35~42번)문제들 풀이입니다.

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< 구: 두 단어 이상 > [ 절: 접주동 ]

구안에 절이 들어갈 수 도 절안에 구가 들어갈 수도 있다. 덩어리를 잘 묶어 보면 문장이 어렵지 않게 보이기 시작한다.

< 명사구 > [ 명사절 ] < 형용사구 > [ 형용사절 ] < 부사구 > [ 부사절 ]

 

고딕체와 밑줄만 잘 보면 답이 보인다

 

2024년 서울대 진학률이 높은 고등학교 전국 37개 학교

35번: 무관한 문장 (인류의 공통 조상과 생존 경쟁)

 

The human race traces back to a surprisingly small number of common ancestors. It has been documented [that the entire human race can be traced back to only seven different mothers, and one of these women is a common ancestor to roughly 40% of the human species]. Why is this? The simple answer is [that humans are extremely good at dying and at wiping each other out]. History has had many successful rulers and conquerors [who have got rid of entire populations], and even beyond that, our species has wiped out plenty of similar humanoid lines [that existed on this earth]. Scientific finds have so far discovered a number of other humanoid species [that once shared the earth with us], [some of which include Neanderthals and Denisovans]. Yet of these lines, only homo sapiens have survived, only the modern humans. That itself shows [how difficult it is (for a species) <to survive and thrive long-term on this planet>].

 

There are still no clear examples of Neanderthals <attempting to expressively symbolize real-life elements such as animals or people in creative works>.

 

인류는 놀랄 만큼 적은 수의 공통 조상으로 거슬러 올라간다.의 글 내용인데 네안데르탈인이 동물이나 사람과 같은 실제의 요소들을 창의적인 작품에 표현적으로 상징화하려고 시도한 명백한 사례는 없다는 무관한 문장이다.

 

Main Idea:

The dominance of Homo sapiens over other humanoid species, such as Neanderthals and Denisovans, highlights the harsh realities of survival and competition that have characterized human history.

 

Summary:

The human race originates from a small number of maternal ancestors, with extensive evidence suggesting one woman is a common ancestor to about 40% of all humans. This genetic bottleneck reflects the harsh history of human survival, where many other humanoid species were wiped out, leaving only Homo sapiens to continue the lineage.

2024년 의대 진학률이 높은 고등학교 순위

36번: 글의 순서 (시간 여행의 개념에 대한 철학적 탐구)

 

Philosophers [who seek to understand the nature of time] might consider the possibility of time travel. But there are no real-life cases of time travel.

 

(A)   It seems that something must happen <to prevent you from doing this>, because if you were to succeed, you would not exist and so you would not have been able to go back in time. As a result of thinking through these sorts of cases, some philosophers claim that the very notion of time travel makes no sense.

(B)   In situations such as this, philosophers often construct thought experiments ―imagined scenarios that bring out the thoughts and presuppositions underlying people's judgments. Sometimes these scenarios are drawn from books, movies, and television. Other times, philosophers just make up their own scenarios.

(C)   Either way, the point is to put such concepts to the test. In the case of time travel, for example, a common thought experiment is <to imagine [what would happen] [if you went back in time and found yourself in a position to interfere in such a way that you were never born]>.

.

No real-life cases of time travel -> in situations such as this -> sometimes, other times -> either way -> to imagine what would happen -> something must happen to prevent you from doing this

B – C –A의 순서

 

Main Idea:

A common philosophical scenario involves the paradox where time travelers might prevent their own existence, leading some philosophers to question the coherence of time travel as a concept.

 

Summary:

Philosophers utilize thought experiments, including hypothetical scenarios drawn from popular culture or their own imaginations, to probe the complexities and paradoxes of time travel. One notable experiment involves the contradiction of altering past events in such a way that the time traveler never exists, challenging the logical possibility of time travel itself.

2024년 치대/한의대 진학률이 높은 고등학교 순위

37번: 글의 순서 (수면 중 감각 정보의 차단 과정)

 

A universal indicator of sleep is the loss of external awareness. You are no longer conscious of all that surrounds you, at least not explicitly. In actual fact, your ears are still 'hearing'; your eyes, though closed, are still capable of 'seeing.'

 

(A)   Should they be granted its permission to pass, they are sent to the cortex at the top of your brain, where they are consciously perceived. By locking its gates shut, the thalamus imposes a sensory blackout in the brain, preventing onward travel of those signals to the cortex.

(B)   As a result, you are no longer consciously aware of the information broadcasts being transmitted from your outer sense organs. At this moment, your brain has lost waking contact with the outside world. Said another way, you are now asleep.

(C)   All these signals still flood into the center of your brain while you sleep, but they are blocked by a perceptual barricade set up in a structure called the thalamus. The thalamus decides [which sensory signals are allowed through its gate, and which are not].

 

your ears are still 'hearing'; your eyes, though closed, are still capable of 'seeing.' -> All these signals still flood into the center of your brain -> sensory signals are allowed through its gate -> its permission to pass

따라서 C-A-B 의 순서

 

Main Idea:

During sleep, the thalamus acts as a gatekeeper by selectively blocking sensory signals from reaching the cortex, resulting in a loss of external awareness.

 

Summary:

In sleep, the thalamus prevents sensory signals from passing to the cortex, effectively cutting off conscious awareness of the external world. This mechanism ensures that, despite ongoing sensory activity, the brain remains detached from waking perceptions and fully engaged in the sleep state.

 

2024년 약대 진학률이 높은 고등학교 순위

38번: 끼워 넣기 (윤리적 의사결정에서의 감정적 요소)

The norms of objectivity were constructed [not because their creators thought [most humans could be 'empty' of bias]].

 

Emotional response to the world is an inherent part of ethics. In ethics, appeals to compassion and empathy can and should be part of rational arguments about ethical decisions. Moreover, the best practices of objectivity often combine partiality and impartiality. (1) In a trial, the partiality of the prosecutor and the defense attorney (and the parties they represent) occurs within a larger impartial context. (2) A judge or jury puts partial arguments to the test of objective evidence and to the impartial rules of law. (3) Ideally, what is fair and objective emerges during a trial where partialities make their case and are judged by objective norms. (4) The reverse is true: the norms were constructed <because of an acute awareness of human bias>, because it is evident. (5) Rather than conclude that objectivity is impossible because bias is universal, scientists, journalists, and others concluded the opposite: we biased humans need the discipline of objectivity to reduce the ineliminable presence of bias.

 

Main Idea:

Emotional responses such as compassion and empathy are integral to forming rational ethical arguments and decisions.

 

Summary:

Ethical decision-making incorporates both emotional responses and objectivity, acknowledging human bias while striving for impartiality. In legal contexts, the interplay of partiality and impartiality helps reveal what is fair through the application of objective norms, demonstrating that objectivity is necessary despite inherent biases.

39번: 끼워넣기 (고양이의 야간 시력과 생물학적 적응)

Cats 'pay' for this nighttime accuracy with less accurate daytime vision and an inability to focus on close objects

 

The fact that cats' eyes glow in the dark is part of their enhanced light-gathering efficiency; there is a reflective layer behind the retina, so light can hit the retina when it enters the eye, or when it is reflected from behind the retina. (1) Light that manages to miss the retina exits the eye and creates that ghostly glow. (2) [When cats' light-gathering ability is combined with the very large population of rods in their eyes], the result is a predator [that can see exceptionally well in the dark]. (3) This may seem counterproductive; what is the point of seeing a mouse in the dark if, in that final, close moment, the cat can't focus on it? (4) Tactile information comes into play at this time; cats can move their whiskers forward and use them to get information about objects within the grasp of their jaws. (5) So the next time you see a cat seeming to nap in the bright sunlight, eyes half-closed, remember that it may simply be shielding its retina from a surplus of light.

 

Main Idea:

Cats' eyes contain a reflective layer behind the retina which enhances their ability to gather light, enabling them to see exceptionally well in the dark.

  

Summary:

Cats have evolved to have excellent night vision, supported by a reflective layer behind the retina and numerous rods in their eyes, which allows them to see in low light. However, this adaptation comes at the cost of less precise vision during the day and difficulty focusing on nearby objects, which they compensate for using their whiskers to gather tactile information.

 

40번: 요약 (미술관 방문 시 대화 감소가 감정 반응 증가)

 

In one study, researchers gave more than five hundred visitors to an art museum a special glove that reported their movement patterns along with physiological data such as their heart rates. The data showed [that [when people were not distracted by chatting with companions], they actually had a stronger emotional response to the art]. Of course, there's nothing wrong with chatting and letting the art slide past, but think of the inspiration those museum visitors missed out on. Then apply that to life in general. When we surround ourselves with other people, we're not just missing out on the finer details of an art exhibition. We're missing out on the chance to reflect and understand ourselves better. In fact, studies show that if we never allow ourselves to be alone, it's just plain harder for us to learn. Other research found [that young people [who cannot stand being alone] were less likely to develop creative skills like playing an instrument or writing [because the most effective practice of these abilities is often done while alone]].

 

 

[요약문] The study above shows [<avoiding conversation with companions <while exploring an art museum>> intensifies emotional response to art], <suggesting [that absence of alone time may inhibit personal growth and learning]>.

 

미술을 관람할 때 동행자와 대화를 하지 않는 것이 예술에 대한 정서적 반응을 강화한다. 혼자만의 시간이 없는 것은 개인의 성장과 배움을 저해할 수 있다라는 글의 내용이다.

 

Main Idea:

The study suggests that solitude not only enhances art appreciation but also plays a crucial role in personal development and the acquisition of creative skills.

 

Summary:

A study monitoring museum visitors found that those who explored art alone had heightened emotional responses compared to those who chatted with companions. This highlights the broader benefits of solitude, which includes deeper personal reflection and better learning outcomes, as well as the development of creative abilities like music and writing, which require significant alone time.

41~42번: 장문1 (색맹의 생물학적 및 진화적 측면)

 

There are a number of human characteristics [that would seem to be disadvantageous yet continue to survive, generation after generation]. One example is color blindness. Most color blindness is associated with genes on the X chromosome. Women have two X chromosomes, so if this problem occurs on one of them, the other can (a) compensate. But men have only one X chromosome. If the mutation occurs there, that male is color blind. We might ask why such a (b) deficiency would survive and not die out. To understand this, we can consider ancient hunter-gatherers, with the men doing most of the hunting for meat and the women doing most of the gathering of fruits and nuts. Gathering fruits, especially berries, and nuts is much more productive if it is easy to distinguish the red or purple fruit from the green leaves of the plant. If red-green color blindness were common among women, the resulting (c) lack of productivity would likely cause this trait to die out relatively quickly. On the other hand, the men out hunting don't much rely on being able to contrast red from green. Most of the animals they are hunting have fur or feathers that help them hide. Rather than relying on color, the hunter relies on an acute ability to detect motion. It is conceivable that a (d) reduction in color contrast in these circumstances might actually enhance one's ability to detect subtle motions. <Given [that a hunted animal blends into its surroundings]>, less background color variation would be (e) more of a visual distraction. 사냥당하는 동물이 주변 환경에 섞여 들어가 있다는 것을 고려해 보면, 배경색의 더 적은 변동은 더 적은 시각적인 방해가 될 것이다. 따라서 more을 less로 바꿔야 한다.

 

 

41. 윗글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?

① Genetic Code: The Key to Conquering Disorders

② Ancient People’s Challenges from Genetic Weaknesses

③ What Makes a Great Hunter: An Ability to Move Quickly

④ In Evolution, Disadvantageous Doesn’t Mean Destined to Vanish

⑤ Various Biological Factors Causing Red­Green Color Blindness

 

42. 밑줄 친 (a)~(e) 중에서 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은? [3점]

①  (a)   ② (b)    ③ (c)    ④ (d)    ⑤ (e)

 

Main Idea:

Evolutionary roles in ancient societies, where men primarily hunted and women gathered, may explain the survival of color blindness, as the mutation could have had minimal impact on hunting success while being more disadvantageous for gathering tasks.

 

Summary:

Color blindness continues to exist in humans due to its genetic basis and potentially advantageous implications in historical contexts. While it could pose a disadvantage in tasks like fruit gathering, where color differentiation is crucial, it may have offered benefits to hunters by reducing color distractions and enhancing motion detection.

 

2024년 5월 고3 모의고사 (18~30)

 

2024년 5월 고3 모의고사 빈칸문제 풀이(31~34번)